Towards establishment Anthropology

In 1859, that is, in the second half of a century, he began the French Revolution and witnessed the Industrial Revolution, and in the same period that the French sociologist Auguste Conte called for the creation of a positional science to study Society, the British naturalist and biologist Charles Darwin published the book “The Origin of Species”, introducing the theory of evolution, to begin with a new stage of Western thought.

In exchange for Darwin’s contribution to biology, the English philosopher Herbert Spencer applied this theory to human societies It is similar to biological organisms, which also attempt to adapt to maintain their existence, some succeed and others perish. This theory affected many anthropologists In their writings, they portrayed Europeans as a people who are biologically and culturally superior to all other peoples, which is in line with what the West witnessed during this period of popularity for the study of human strains with the aim of proving racial superiority During this period, many, such as the founder of British anthropologist Sir Edward Taylor and American anthropologist Louis Henry Morgan, will make important contributionsOn the evolution of societies, according to the theory of social evolution, which will continue to dominate anthropological circles for a period of time.

Colonial Europe will improve the use of these writings to justify their expansion, as a savior of these “backward” peoples. At the same time, advocates of the white man’s biological supremacy will fail to provide evidence of their allegationsAlthough there are many “samples” that explorers will bring from Africa. As this view diminishes, the academic difference will begin to grow, with each anthropological school gaining more privacy.